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Dry cell

Detecting dimensions	Chinese Standard	International/EU standards	Core inspection content
Product General Specification	GB/T 8897.1 GB/T 8897.2	IEC 60086-1 IEC 60086-2	Dimensions, open circuit voltage, discharge performance, and storage life.
Safety requirements (mandatory)	GB 8897.5	IEC 60086-5	Leak proof, explosion proof, and polarity reversal proof.
Mercury content limit	GB 24427 Regulations on Mercury Content Limits for Batteries	EU 2006/66/EC (EU Battery Directive)	Mandatory environmental protection threshold.
Packaging and Shipping	GB/T 20001.10	UN 38.3 exemption (Dry batteries are usually classified as regular goods)	Special provision SP 238 (anti short circuit packaging).

According to GB/T 8897.2 and IEC 60086-2, dry batteries must complete the following tests:

test project	test conditions	basis for determination
Initial discharge capacity	Discharge to termination voltage under specific load (such as 1.2V or 1.0V)	The minimum average discharge time must reach the value specified in the standard annex (such as LR6 alkaline battery 43 Ω load discharge ≥ 28 hours).
Storage life	Retest after 12 months of storage at room temperature	The capacity attenuation shall not exceed 15% -25% of the initial capacity (depending on the model).
Leak resistance performance	High temperature and high humidity (45 ℃/90% RH) storage for 48 hours	Visible electrolyte crawling or metal corrosion is not allowed.

test project	Severity level	purpose
external short circuit	Directly short-circuit the positive and negative poles for 24 hours	The battery casing must not explode, and slight leakage is allowed without affecting the readability of the label.
Incorrect installation (reverse connection)	Simulate reverse charging of one out of four batteries	Explosion proof measures must be taken, and the temperature of the casing must not exceed the limit.
High-altitude simulation	11.6 kPa low-pressure environment	Prevent the sealing from breaking and leaking due to sudden changes in air pressure in the aircraft cargo hold.

This is a barrier that must be overcome for the export of dry batteries to the European Union, the United States, Japan, and South Korea.

substance	Chinese National Standard GB 24427 Limit Values	EU 2006/66/EC limit values	remark
Mercury (Hg)	Mercury free battery ≤ 1 ppm (Mandatory mercury free alkaline batteries)	≤ 1 ppm	The highest risk item. Carbon batteries naturally contain mercury due to process issues, and exports must use mercury free carbon processes.
Cadmium (Cd)	≤ 20 ppm	≤ 20 ppm (excluding button batteries)	Mainly used for controlling the composition of zinc cylinder alloys.
Lead (Pb)	≤ 40 ppm	≤ 100 ppm (from 2023 onwards)	The welding points of the zinc cylinder may contain lead.

Testing standard method: GB/T 20155 or IEC 62321 (tested using ICP-OES spectrometer).

Garbage can fork mark (EN 61429 standard): The size must be ≥ 0.3 × 0.3 cm (small battery ≥ 0.2 cm).
Chemical symbol: If lead>40 ppm or cadmium>20 ppm, the Pb or Cd symbol must be printed below the trash can.

Although dry batteries (excluding UN 3496) are usually exempt from UN 38.3 dangerous goods testing, IATA DGR air transport has special requirements:

Anti short circuit packaging: Independent insulation packaging or tray fixation must be used to prevent positive and negative electrode contact.
Exception for button batteries: Button lithium batteries (CR2032, etc.) installed in equipment are managed according to UN 3091 and require a 1.2-meter drop test report to be submitted.

nonconforming item	proportion	reason
Discharge performance does not meet the requirements	~45%	Manufacturers cut corners to reduce the amount of manganese powder filling or insufficient electrolyte concentration.
Excessive mercury content	~20%	Use recycled zinc foil or mercury containing pulp paper.
dimensional deviation	~15%	Insufficient pressure on the edge sealing can cause the battery to be short or too high to fit into the battery compartment.

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