1. China: CR Certification (China Robot Certification) - the most comprehensive domestic certification

This is China's national authoritative certification in the field of robotics, promoted by the National Robot Standardization Group and approved by the Certification and Accreditation Administration. The CR certification mark usually includes a pattern composed of the letters "C" and "R".

• Applicable objects: industrial robots, service robots AGV/AMR、 Inspection robots, logistics robots, etc.

• Coverage standard: It is not a single standard, but a set of rules that typically require products to meet:

  • Safety standards: such as GB 11291 (Safety of Industrial Robots), GB/T 39785.1 (Electromagnetic Compatibility of Service Robots), GB/T 38124 (Motion Performance of Service Robots), etc.

  • Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards: such as GB/T 17799.1/GB/T 17799.2, etc.

  • Specific functional standards: such as obstacle avoidance, navigation accuracy, battery safety (GB 31241), mechanical hazard protection, etc.

• Certification mode: Type test factory inspection and supervision after obtaining certification.

• Search website: China National Robot Testing and Evaluation Center (National Evaluation Center) website.

�� CR certification is a core reference for robot products sold in the Chinese market, especially for bidding, government procurement, and public use.

2. International Basic Standards: ISO 10218 and ISO 13482- Safety Mother Standards for Robots

These two standards are the pioneering standards in the field of robot safety and the foundation for the vast majority of other standards.

Testing focus:

• Mechanical risks (pinch, impact, cutting)

• Control system safety functions (emergency stop, speed reduction, area restriction)

• Electrical safety (insulation, withstand voltage, grounding)

• For mobile robots: steering stability, bump braking, and prevention of accidental movement.

3. Functional safety standards: IEC 61508 series/ISO 13849

The "intelligence" of intelligent robots relies on complex sensors and algorithms, so functional safety (preventing danger caused by system failure) is crucial.

• IEC 61508: General standard for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety systems.

• ISO 13849: Safety related components of mechanical control systems (PL level).

• IEC 62061: Safety of electrical/electronic control systems in mechanical safety (SIL level).

• Common certifications for applications: Robot controllers need to reach SIL 2 or PL d level (determined based on risk assessment).

4. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Wireless Certification

Robots typically include motors (strong interference sources) and communication modules (Wi Fi/BT/5G), which must pass electromagnetic compatibility testing.

• International: CISPR 11 (Industrial, Scientific, Medical Equipment), CISPR 22 (Information Technology Equipment).

• China: GB/T 17799 series, and SRRC certification (if equipped with radio transmission module).

• EU: CE-EMC Directive (EN 55011/EN 55032, etc.).

• United States: FCC Part 15 (for intentional radiators).

5. Special standards for special types of robots

Different types of intelligent robots also have exclusive standards:

• AGV/AMR (Automated Guided/Autonomous Mobile Robots):

  • ISO 3691-4: Industrial vehicles - Safety requirements for unmanned trucks and their systems.

  • EN 1525 (old European version, now replaced by the above).

• Collaborative Robot (Cobot):

  • ISO/TS 15066: Supplementary requirements for the safety of collaborative robots (defining allowable forces, pressures, and contact scenarios).

• Household floor cleaning robot:

  • IEC 60335-2-2 (Special requirements for vacuum cleaners) IEC 60335-1 (General safety), covering anti fall, anti winding, and battery safety.

• Medical robots (surgery, rehabilitation):

  • It is required to comply with the IEC 60601 series medical electrical equipment standards and usually needs to be submitted to the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA, FDA, CE-MDR) for testing.

6. Regional mandatory certification (market access)

In addition to the voluntary or basic standards mentioned above, entering specific markets also requires mandatory certification:

• China: CCC (If robots belong to the national mandatory product certification catalog, such as some products with electric tool attributes, or mobile robots with working voltage higher than 36V?)? Attention: Currently, most service robots are not listed in the CCC catalog, but industrial robot control systems and motors may require CCC components. Suggest checking the latest directory for specific information.

• EU: CE marking (usually based on the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, as well as the Low Voltage Directive and EMC Directive). High risk robots may require intervention from regulatory agencies.

• United States: UL certification (such as UL 1740 (industrial robots) or UL 3300 (service robots - emerging standards) FCC.

• Japan: PSE certification (circular or diamond, depending on voltage range).

7. Latest Trends: AI Ethics and Data Security Standards

As robots become increasingly "intelligent" (facial recognition, environmental perception, cloud commands), new dimensions of detection are emerging:

• Privacy and Data Security: Is the audio and video data collected by robots compliant? You can refer to GDPR (European Union) or GB/T 35273 (Personal Information Security Specification) for testing.

• AI functional safety: How to validate learning based behaviors such as path planning? ISO/IEC is developing standards such as ISO/IEC 42100 (Artificial Intelligence Risk Management).