1、 Core testing and certification standards (hardware threshold)

This is the fundamental language for photovoltaic panels and inverters to enter the market.

2、 Grid connection rules (the most critical dynamic changes)

This is a new high-level requirement for photovoltaics after it has transformed from a "power source" to a "main force supporting the power grid".

• High/Low Voltage Ride Through (HVRT/LVRT):

  • Rule requirement: When the grid voltage drops to 0% or surges to 130% due to lightning strikes or short circuits, the inverter is strictly prohibited from disconnecting and shutting down. It must operate for at least 0.15 seconds to 3 seconds and inject reactive current into the grid to support voltage recovery.

  • Reference standards: National standards GB/T 37408, GB/T 19964; European Union 2016/631.

• Broadband oscillation suppression capability:

  • Background: A large number of photovoltaic inverters connected to weak power grids will generate high-frequency resonance (sub synchronous oscillation).

  • Certification requirement: The inverter needs to pass impedance scan testing to prove that its control algorithm will not excite grid oscillations within the range of 1Hz-1000Hz.

• SCR (Short Circuit Ratio) adaptability:

  • Rule: According to the national standard GB/T 40594, inverters must be able to stably connect to the grid without tripping at the end of the Shagehuang large base where the power grid strength is extremely weak (SCR ≤ 3 or even ≤ 1.2).

3、 Green Trade Barrier Rules (Photovoltaic Mirror of the EU's New Battery Law)

The export of photovoltaic modules to Europe not only depends on their electrical performance, but also on their "proof of origin".

• Carbon footprint certification and grading:

  • Source of rules: French ECS (Simplified Carbon Assessment), Korean Carbon Footprint Labeling, upcoming EU Ecological Design Directive.

  • Core requirement: Carbon emission data for the entire industry chain, from silicon materials, pulling rods, slicing to batteries and packaging, must be provided (unit: kg CO2 eq/kWp).

  • Impact: Components with carbon values higher than 550-700 kg CO2 eq/kWp will be directly deducted points and eliminated from bidding in markets such as France.

• Recycling and Ecological Design:

  • The WEEE Directive (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive) requires component manufacturers to register a recycling system and bear the costs of dismantling and processing components after retirement.

  • IEC TS 62915: Design Guidelines for Removable, Repackable, and Recyclable Photovoltaic Modules (currently being converted into mandatory standards).

4、 Quality acceptance and efficiency rules for power stations

• PR (Performance Ratio) acceptance:

  • IEC 61724-1: Performance Monitoring Standard for Photovoltaic Systems. The contract usually stipulates that a PR value of ≥ 80% is considered qualified (meaning that the system loss does not exceed 20%).

• EL (Electroluminescence) and Infrared Detection:

  • CNCA/CTS 0016: During the acceptance phase, 100% EL full inspection must be conducted on the components, and there must be no large areas of hidden cracks, black patches, or broken grids.

5、 Recent Strong Standards Trends in China

• Revision of GB/T 19939 (Requirements for Grid Connection of Photovoltaic Systems): It is explicitly required that inverters have primary frequency regulation function (actively adjusting power when grid frequency fluctuates).

• NB/T 32004 (Technical Specification for Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverters): Added mandatory requirements for DC arc detection and shutdown (AFCI), which is a core safety function to prevent rooftop photovoltaic fires.